NIO Events

National Institute of Oceanography Conducts Comprehensive R&D Survey in the Indus Delta Region The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Karachi, successfully carried out a multidisciplinary Research and Development (R&D) survey in the Indus Delta region to collect scientific data and assess the prevailing environmental and oceanographic conditions of the coastal ecosystem. During the field campaign, NIO scientists and technical staff conducted extensive oceanographic investigations at various locations within the deltaic area. As part of the survey activities, an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) was deployed in Dabbo Creek to measure water current velocities, tidal dynamics, and circulation patterns. The survey team also carried out Conductivity, Temperature, and Depth (CTD) profiling to record important physical parameters of seawater, including temperature, salinity, conductivity, density, and other oceanographic characteristics. These measurements provide valuable information regarding water column structure and environmental variability in the Indus Delta ecosystem. In addition, comprehensive sampling activities were undertaken for multidisciplinary scientific analyses. Water samples were collected for chemical and environmental assessments, including the determination of nutrient concentrations and water quality parameters. Sediment (soil) samples were obtained for geological and sedimentological studies aimed at understanding seabed characteristics, sediment transport processes, and coastal morphology. The biological component of the survey included the collection of phytoplankton and culture samples to evaluate marine biodiversity, primary productivity, and ecosystem health. These samples will support ongoing research on marine biological resources and environmental monitoring. The data and samples collected during this R&D mission will contribute to NIO's ongoing efforts to enhance scientific understanding of Pakistan's coastal and marine environment, particularly the ecologically significant Indus Delta region. The findings are expected to support evidence-based decision-making for sustainable coastal resource management, environmental protection, and future marine research programs.

In response to the recent oil pollution incident in West Bay, Gwadar, the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) and the Gwadar Development Authority (GDA) have officially launched a joint scientific investigation to assess the environmental impacts and identify the potential source of the pollution.

The investigation is being conducted under the leadership of Engr. Naimatullah Sohoo, Director General, NIO, and Mr. Moin-ur-Rehman, Director General, GDA. The technical investigation team comprises Dr. Waqar Ahmed (Principal Scientific Officer, NIO), Dr. Syed Rehan (Research Officer, NIO), Mr. Ali Jan Baloch (Senior Research Officer, NIO), Engr. Noshad Ali (Coastal Engineer), and Mr. Abdul Raheem (Deputy Director Environment, GDA), supported by NIO’s field data collection team.

As part of the investigation, sediment and seawater samples have been collected from affected locations to determine the extent and distribution of contamination, evaluate environmental conditions, and support impact assessment and monitoring activities. Advanced scientific approaches, including remote sensing analysis and pollutant transport modelling, will be employed to investigate the movement and potential origin of the pollutants. All collected samples will be analyzed at the National Institute of Oceanography Headquarters Laboratory, Karachi.

As an immediate response to the incident, the Gwadar Development Authority (GDA), Gwadar Port Authority (GPA), and Municipal Committee (MC) Gwadar have already undertaken emergency cleanup operations to minimize damage to the coastal environment.

The findings of this investigation will support the development of comprehensive remediation measures and contribute to a long-term environmental preparedness and adaptation framework for the region.

12th Meeting of the Board of Governors of National Institute of Oceanography Held in Islamabad

Islamabad, June 11, 2026: The 12th Meeting of the Board of Governors (BoG) of the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) was held at the Ministry of Science and Technology, Islamabad, under the chairmanship of Federal Minister for Science and Technology, Mr. Khalid Hussain Magsi.

The meeting was attended by members of the Board of Governors and senior officials of the Institute. During the session, the Board reviewed ten agenda items covering policy, administrative, financial, and technical matters related to the Institute's operations and future development.

After detailed deliberations, the Board unanimously approved all agenda items presented before it. The approvals are expected to further strengthen the Institute’s research, operational efficiency, and institutional development.

Speaking on the occasion, Federal Minister Khalid Hussain Magsi emphasized that the National Institute of Oceanography is Pakistan’s only national marine research organization and plays a vital role in advancing marine science, ocean exploration, and sustainable utilization of marine resources.

The Minister also underscored the importance of enhancing international cooperation in marine research and reaffirmed the Government’s commitment to supporting initiatives that promote scientific collaboration, capacity building, and technological advancement in the ocean sciences sector.

World Oceans Day 2026 Celebrated at National Institute of Oceanography, Karachi

Karachi, 8 June 2026 — The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Karachi, celebrated World Oceans Day 2026 under the global theme “Reimagine: Beyond the World We Know, A New Relationship with Our Ocean.” The event brought together scientists, government officials, academics, maritime professionals, students, and researchers to highlight the importance of oceans in supporting life, climate resilience, and Pakistan’s blue economy.

In his welcome address, the Director General, NIO, emphasized the importance of responsible ocean stewardship, scientific research, and evidence-based policymaking to address emerging marine challenges. Former Director General NIO, Dr. M. M. Rabbani , highlighted the need for innovation, scientific collaboration, and youth engagement in addressing climate change, marine pollution, and habitat degradation.

The program featured presentations by Prof. Dr. Shahid Ali Shaikh (University of Sindh, Jamshoro), Dr. Sher Khan Panhwar (CEMB Karachi), and Dr. Mansoor Ali Wassan (Marine Fisheries Department), covering coastal hazards, marine research, and sustainable fisheries management.

The Chief Guest, Senator Dr. Karim Ahmed Khawaja, emphasized the importance of marine science, technological innovation, and sustainable management of ocean resources for Pakistan’s future development.

The ceremony concluded with the presentation of souvenirs and certificates, followed by a vote of thanks. NIO reaffirmed its commitment to advancing marine science, strengthening ocean literacy, and supporting the sustainable management of Pakistan’s marine resources.

Strengthening Pakistan–China Marine Science Collaboration

From March 9–14, 2026, a delegation from the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Pakistan, led by Engr. Naimatullah Sohoo, DG NIO, visited Shanghai, Hangzhou, and Beijing to strengthen scientific cooperation with China and explore new research opportunities.

The team visited the State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research (SKLEC) at East China Normal University, the Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO), Hangzhou, and the Embassy of Islamic Republic of Pakistan in Beijing.

At SKLEC, discussions focused on coastal biogeochemistry, sediment dynamics, mangrove conservation, and deltaic ecosystems. The delegation toured advanced laboratories, including unmanned ship platforms and mass spectrometry facilities, and explored joint research, scholar exchanges, and student training programs.

At SIO, the team reviewed results from the January 2026 China–Pakistan Joint Cruise, discussed marine observation technologies, and planned deployment of buoys along the Gwadar–Makran coast. Capacity building and training opportunities for NIO scientists were also highlighted.

Meeting of Delegation from NIO, Pakistan with H.E. Mr. Khalil Hashmi

The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Pakistan, engaged with the Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO), China, to advance bilateral cooperation in marine science. A key milestone is the successful China–Pakistan Joint Marine Cruise conducted in January 2026 in the Arabian Sea.

NIO also held a briefing at the Embassy of Pakistan in China, where officials were apprised of the ongoing NIO–SIO collaborative initiatives. NIO expresses its appreciation to the Embassy for facilitating coordination and serving as an effective international liaison between both institutions.

The collaboration includes joint research, data analysis, and planned deployment of oceanographic buoys near Gwadar, reflecting a shared commitment to advancing marine science and sustainable ocean management.

The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Karachi hosted a high-level technical meeting with a delegation led by Rear Admiral Muhammad Khalid to discuss progress on the Pre-Feasibility Study for Identification of Potential Port Sites along the Pakistan Coast.

The delegation held detailed discussions with Director General NIO, Engr. Naimatullah Sohoo, along with senior scientists and technical experts of the Institute regarding oceanographic data requirements, coastal processes, and numerical modeling needs for the proposed sites.

During the meeting, both sides emphasized the importance of integrated hydrodynamic, wave, sediment transport, and environmental assessments to support evidence-based planning and sustainable coastal infrastructure development. The discussions focused on collaboration mechanisms and provision of essential datasets required for scientific numerical modeling and feasibility evaluation.

The meeting reaffirmed NIO’s commitment to providing technical expertise and scientific support for national maritime development initiative.

DG NIO Meets DG GDA to Strengthen Marine Research and Blue Economy Initiatives in Gwadar

Gwadar – March 3: The Director General of the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Engr. Naimatullah Sohoo, met with Mr. Moin-ur-Rehman Khan, Director General of Gwadar Development Authority (GDA), to discuss marine environmental protection, sustainable fisheries, and the strategic promotion of Blue Economy opportunities in Gwadar.

During the meeting, DG NIO highlighted ongoing national development initiatives and informed that the state-of-the-art Marine Science Laboratory in Gwadar is nearing completion. The facility will enhance marine research, environmental monitoring, and evidence-based policy support in the region.

DG NIO also offered NIO’s technical expertise for the rehabilitation and improved operationalization of Pishkan Jetty to strengthen fisheries infrastructure and coastal resource management.

Both sides emphasized that enhanced inter-institutional coordination is vital for sustainable coastal development and for transforming Gwadar into a modern and environmentally responsible coastal city.

The Signing Ceremony of the “Letter of Agreement on China-Pakistan Joint Cruises for Marine Environment and Ecosystem in Pakistan Coastal Area” was held in Hangzhou, China, on 12th December 2025.

The National Institute of Oceanography, under the Ministry of Science and Technology, has initiated joint marine cruises with the Second Institute of Oceanography, under the Ministry of Natural Resources, for the collection of marine environmental and ecosystem data across all four seasons in Pakistan's coastal areas on the Naval Research Vessel PNS BEHR MASAH.

During the engagement, senior representatives of both institutions exchanged views on their respective mandates, ongoing research programs, and prospective areas of collaboration, including marine ecosystems, coastal dynamics, climate change, and the sustainable utilization of ocean resources.

As a key highlight of the event, a collaborative agreement was formally signed by the authorized representatives of NIO and SIO, signifying a shared commitment to scientific cooperation, data exchange, joint research initiatives, and capacity building.

Both sides emphasized the importance of strengthening institutional linkages through academic exchange and collaborative research, aimed at addressing regional and global marine challenges.

The ceremony concluded with mutual expressions of goodwill and confidence that this partnership will further enhance scientific collaboration between Pakistan and China, contributing to sustainable ocean stewardship and the advancement of marine science.

Pakistani scientists will have the opportunity to analyze samples in Chinese laboratories, which is not possible in Pakistan due to the lack of expensive laboratory equipment and machines. Pakistani personnel will also have opportunities for training on ocean equipment innovation, equipment operation, data collection techniques on board, and post-cruise laboratory analysis.

The Signing of the Project Proposal on Joint Research, “Ecological Tipping Points in Estuaries under Global Change: Status of Indus River Mangroves and Fisheries Sustainability,” took place in Hangzhou, China, on 12th December 2025.

The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) signed the project proposal in collaboration with the State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research (SKLEC), East China Normal University, with the support of the Pakistan Science Foundation.

The State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research (SKLEC), China, warmly welcomed a delegation from NIO, Karachi, Pakistan, on 12th December 2025, as part of ongoing efforts to strengthen international collaboration in estuarine and coastal sciences.

During the visit, representatives from both institutions engaged in detailed discussions on current research initiatives, scientific capabilities, and prospective areas of cooperation, with particular emphasis on estuarine processes, coastal resilience, and marine environmental sustainability.

A key outcome of the engagement was the formal signing of a collaborative agreement between SKLEC and NIO, establishing a framework for joint research activities, academic exchange, capacity building, and sharing of scientific expertise.

Both sides reaffirmed their commitment to fostering long-term institutional cooperation and advancing high-quality research to address regional and global coastal and marine challenges.

The visit concluded in an atmosphere of mutual respect and shared purpose, with confidence expressed that the partnership will contribute to strengthening scientific collaboration between China and Pakistan in the field of estuarine and coastal research.

— National Institute of Oceanography, Pakistan

Visit of Korean Experts Team for Feasibility Study under the PCP Project

Date: October 21, 2025: A Team of Korean Experts conducting a feasibility study for the PCP project titled “Enhancing Water Sector Research Capabilities: Upgrading Facilities and Expanding Nationwide Water Resources Assessment Amidst Climate Change” visited the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Karachi.

The delegation, accompanied by the technical team of the Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), met with the Director General and his team of NIO on November 5, 2025, to discuss sea water intrusion, land subsidence in coastal Sindh, and ongoing research activities at NIO. The meeting also focused on potential areas of collaboration and joint research among KOICA (K Water), PCRWR and NIO to enhance national capacity in addressing coastal and water-related challenges under changing climatic conditions.

— National Institute of Oceanography, Pakistan

The Secretary, Ministry of Science and Technology (MoST), Mr. Shahid Iqbal Baloch, visited the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Karachi, on 06 October 2025 to review NIO’s vision, mandate, ongoing research activities, international collaborations, and the progress under MoUs signed with partner institutions in China and other countries.

During the visit, Director General NIO, Engr. Naimatullah Sohoo, along with his team, presented a comprehensive briefing to the Secretary on NIO’s mandate, ongoing PSDP projects, and national and international collaborative activities, particularly those with Chinese partner institutions. The DG also apprised the Secretary of issues related to NIO’s status under the Right Sizing Committee’s decisions and emphasized that NIO’s mandate and national contributions can be further strengthened when it continues to operate independently, without merging into any other institution.

Mr. Shahid Iqbal Baloch appreciated the dedication and scientific contributions of the NIO team and stressed the need for greater national and international visibility of NIO’s efforts and achievements in marine scientific research. He also highlighted the importance of translating oceanographic research into policy-relevant outcomes for sustainable coastal and marine resource management, and expressed his support for retaining NIO under the Ministry of Science and Technology.

Director General Sohoo reaffirmed NIO’s commitment to advancing marine science and technology in Pakistan, noting that the institute’s research outcomes will provide valuable data for policymakers, planners, and stakeholders to effectively address environmental and coastal challenges.

The visit concluded with the Secretary commending NIO’s active role in promoting marine scientific research, strengthening international collaboration, and contributing to the protection and sustainable development of Pakistan’s coastal and marine ecosystems through research-driven initiatives.

Second Institute of Oceanography (China) Delegation Visits NIO Karachi, Explores Enhanced Scientific Collaboration

Karachi, 26-09-2025: The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), under the Ministry of Science and Technology, hosted a high-level delegation from the Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO), China, at its headquarters in Karachi. The meeting marked a significant step towards strengthening bilateral cooperation in the field of oceanographic research and marine sciences.

The session commenced with detailed presentations from both NIO and SIO, showcasing their research vision, institutional capacities, and ongoing initiatives. NIO highlighted its mission to conduct world-class oceanographic research supporting Pakistan’s food, water, and energy security, in line with national priorities. The institute also outlined its major achievements, including the Pakistan Continental Shelf Programme and the China–Pakistan Joint Expeditions, along with its ongoing PSDP projects addressing sea water intrusion, coastal erosion, and sea level rise.

The SIO delegation presented its extensive global research collaborations, advanced research vessels, and pioneering contributions to marine science through initiatives such as the BRICS Deep-Sea Resources International Research Center and the China–Indian Ocean Marine Cooperation and Training Center.

Discussions during the meeting focused on multiple avenues for scientific collaboration. Conducting research on microplastics, initiating a Pak–China joint research cruise, and deploying Ocean Bottom Seismometers (OBS) within Pakistan’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) to enhance earthquake and tsunami forecasting capabilities.

Both sides reaffirmed their commitment to furthering their scientific partnership, celebrating over a decade of cooperation formalized through existing Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs). SIO also reiterated its intention to offer training opportunities for young Pakistani researchers under various international research programs in China.

The visit concluded with a tour of NIO’s laboratories, where the SIO delegation was briefed on current scientific activities and the institute’s technical infrastructure. The collaborative spirit and shared commitment to advancing marine science and technology were evident throughout the discussions.

— National Institute of Oceanography, Pakistan

Senator Dr. Karim Ahmed Khawaja Visits NIO Karachi, Reviews Sea Water Intrusion Project

Karachi, 22-09-2025: The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), under the Ministry of Science and Technology, is actively implementing a Public Sector Development Programme (PSDP) project on Sea Water Intrusion. The initiative aims to study and address the increasing threat of sea water encroachment in coastal areas, which poses serious risks to livelihoods, agriculture, and the environment.

During his visit to NIO Karachi, Senator Dr. Karim Ahmed Khawaja received a comprehensive briefing from Director General NIO, Engr. Naimatullah Sohoo and his team regarding the ongoing progress and research activities under the project.

Senator Dr. Khawaja appreciated the dedication of the NIO team and acknowledged the significance of their research in supporting sustainable coastal management. He expressed satisfaction over the progress made so far and emphasized the need to translate scientific findings into practical solutions for the protection of coastal communities and resources.

Director General NIO, Engr. Naimatullah Sohoo, reaffirmed the institute’s commitment to advancing oceanographic research in Pakistan and highlighted that the outcomes of the sea water intrusion project will provide valuable data for policymakers, planners, and stakeholders to combat environmental challenges in the coastal belt.

— National Institute of Oceanography, Pakistan

Meeting of NIO with UNDP and MoCC&EC Delegation on the Convention on Biodiversity

The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) hosted a meeting, on the request of the Ministry of Climate Change & Environmental Coordination (MoCC&EC), with a delegation comprising representatives from UNDP and MoCC&EC working on biodiversity conservation.

The delegation, led by Engr. Aman Ahmed Qureshi along with Mr. Shahzad Baloch and Ms. Syeda Zainab, visited NIO as part of the consultative stakeholder engagement process to gather valuable inputs for the revision of the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) and the preparation of Pakistan’s 7th National Report to be submitted to the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).

The meeting was chaired by Engr. Naimatullah Sohoo, Director General, NIO, and attended by senior NIO scientists including Mrs. Saira Ishaq, Dr. Tariq Mahmood, Dr. Waqar Ahmed, and Dr. S. M. Rehan Ullah.

Dr. Nikhat Shakeel Khan Visits National Institute of Oceanography

Karachi, August 25, 2025 — The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) hosted Dr. Nikhat Shakeel Khan, Parliamentary Secretary, Ministry of Science and Technology. She was received by Director General Engineer Naimatullah Sohoo along with senior scientists and officers.

Dr. Nikhat was briefed on NIO’s mandate, key research initiatives, and its role in marine scientific research and resource management. She visited the National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC) and the Geophysical, Chemistry, Physical, and Biology Sections, where she was also apprised of the Antarctic Program and its importance for Pakistan.

During the visit, she participated in a tree plantation drive on the Institute’s premises, reflecting her commitment to environmental sustainability.

In her remarks, Dr. Nikhat commended NIO’s contributions and assured the Institute of the Ministry’s continued support in strengthening its research capacity.

Federal Minister Khalid Hussain Magsi Visits NIO

The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Karachi had the honor of hosting Mr. Khalid Hussain Magsi, Federal Minister for Science and Technology, on August 15, 2025. The Minister was warmly received by Mr. Engineer Naimatullah Sohoo Director General NIO along with senior officials.

During the visit, the Director General briefed the Minister on NIO’s mandate, notable research achievements, and its pivotal role in exploring, conserving, and sustainably managing Pakistan’s marine resources.

The Minister toured the National Oceanographic Data Centre (NODC), where he reviewed data collected from various observation stations and received a detailed presentation on recent bathymetric survey projects conducted at Gwadar Port.

Acknowledging NIO’s remarkable contributions, Mr. Magsi praised the Institute’s landmark achievement in the Extension of Continental Shelf Program, along with other strategic initiatives aimed at safeguarding the country’s maritime interests.

As part of the visit, a plantation drive was organized on the NIO premises, reflecting the Institute’s commitment to environmental sustainability and the preservation of coastal ecosystems.

In his remarks, the Minister commended NIO’s vital role in advancing Pakistan’s scientific and maritime capabilities and reaffirmed the Ministry’s unwavering support for strengthening NIO’s status as the nation’s premier oceanographic research institution.

GDA Gwadar – August 6, 2025

The Director General, National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Engineer Naimatullah Sohoo, met with Director General, Gwadar Development Authority (GDA), Moen Rehman Khan, to discuss collaborative efforts on marine environmental protection, sustainable fisheries, and the promotion of the Blue Economy in Gwadar. DG NIO briefed on ongoing projects under the Government of Pakistan’s National Development Plan, including a state-of-the-art oceanographic laboratory under construction in Gwadar. Once completed, this facility will support advanced marine research, policy development, and sustainable economic growth linked to the sea. DG GDA appreciated NIO’s initiatives and assured full cooperation in achieving shared objectives for the region’s development.

Earlier, DG GDA chaired a briefing on GDA Employees Cooperative Housing Society (GDA-ECHS) projects. Discussions covered the completion of Phase I, ongoing infrastructure needs, and the legal status of land acquired for Phase II, which is currently under litigation. Plans for constructing commercial and residential facilities to enhance financial sustainability and expand housing availability were also reviewed. The meeting was attended by senior officials from GDA, GDA-ECHS, and legal representatives.

GPA Gwadar – August 5, 2025

Honorable Director General, Engr. Naimatullah Sohoo, along with other officers of NIO, held a meeting with the Chairman of Gwadar Port Authority, Mr. Noor-ul-Haq Baloch, at 12:30 a.m. on 5 August 2025. The Director General briefly introduced the scope of NIO to the Chairman. Later, he shared details about the recent hydrographic survey of the Gwadar Port Basin and channel areas, conducted in 2024, and reaffirmed mutual cooperation between both organizations

National Institute of Oceanography Celebrates 78th Independence Day of Pakistan

The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) marked the 78th Independence Day of Pakistan with patriotic fervor and national pride on August 13, 2024, at its Karachi headquarters. The commemorative event began at 1100 hours in the NIO Auditorium, bringing together scientists, officers, and staff to honor the country's rich legacy of independence and unity.

The ceremony opened with the recitation of the Holy Quran, followed by the National Anthem, sung with deep reverence and national spirit. The event was led by Engr. Naimatullah Sohoo, Director General of NIO, who addressed the gathering with inspiring words about the journey of Pakistan’s independence, its historical context, and the role of institutions like NIO in shaping a sustainable future. During his remarks, DG Sohoo emphasized the importance of self-reliance, scientific advancement, and environmental responsibility in achieving national progress. He also paid tribute to the countless sacrifices made for the freedom we enjoy today.

The celebrations featured enthusiastic participation from NIO employees, who expressed their patriotism through national songs and heartfelt reflections on the meaning of independence. Their performances created a spirited and emotional atmosphere, uniting everyone in celebration of Pakistan’s achievements and aspirations. To conclude the ceremony, a cake-cutting ceremony was held at 1230 hours, symbolizing unity and collective joy. The event served as a powerful reminder of our shared responsibility towards building a stronger, greener, and more resilient Pakistan. NIO extends its best wishes to all Pakistanis on this important national occasion.

Long Live Pakistan!

Implementation Plan of China-Pakistan Joint Cruise for Marine Environment and Ecosystem Research in Pakistan Coastal Area

Second online meeting with reference to the "Implementation Plan of China-Pakistan Joint Cruise for Marine Environment and Ecosystem Research in Pakistan Coastal Area", as well as "The proposed recitals for the Ship-Chartering Agreement" was held on 31st July 2025 at 1600 PST. Teams from National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), National Hydrography Office (NHO), Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO), Hangzhou, China and representative from Naval Head Office, Islamabad participated in the meeting. Discussion was made for the chartering of Pakistan Naval survey vessels for the forthcoming joint cruises of NIO and SIO and deployment of Buoy and Sediment trap at Gwadar coastal Area.

DG NIO Engr. Naimatullah Sohoo Attends 11th Board of Advisory Meeting of NIMA in Islamabad

Engr. Naimatullah Sohoo, Director General of the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), as an Ex-Officio Member of the Board of Advisory (BoA), attended the 11th Meeting of the Board of Advisory held on Wednesday, 16th July 2025, at the NIMA Conference Room, Islamabad. This participation reflects NIO’s continued commitment to contributing towards national maritime and oceanographic initiatives through the platform of the National Institute of Maritime Affairs (NIMA).

The National Institute of Maritime Affairs (NIMA), in collaboration with the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (ISSI), hosted its maiden international seminar titled “Deep-Sea Mining: Prospects & The Global Conservation Imperatives” in Islamabad. The event brought together over 200 participants, including policymakers, scientists, environmentalists, industry experts, and students, to deliberate on the challenges and opportunities of deep-sea mining in the context of global conservation imperatives.

The seminar was inaugurated by Vice Admiral Ahmed Saeed, President of NIMA, who emphasized the importance of responsible ocean governance. The keynote address was delivered by Senator Mushahid Hussain, who underscored the strategic relevance of the Indian Ocean to Pakistan and the need for balanced exploitation of marine resources. Prominent national and international figures attended, including Dr. Diva Amon (University of California), Ambassador Per Albert (Norway), Shigeru Tanaka (Deep-Sea Conservation Coalition, USA), Sérgio Carvalho (Oceano Azul Foundation, Portugal), Julian Jackson (Pew Charitable Trusts, USA), and François Mosnier (Planet Tracker, UK).

From Pakistan, key contributions were made by Dr. Fasiha Safdar (NIMA), Mahmood Akhtar Cheema (IUCN), Engr. Naimatullah Sohoo (NIO), Dr. Nawaz Ahmed Virk (MOE), Ms. Amna Munawar Awan (PBF), Mr. Jahanzeb Sikandar (YouCan LLC), and Ms. Shagufta Iqbal (MoMA). The Chief Guest, Dr. Sajjad Ahmad, Director General of the Geological Survey of Pakistan, emphasized science-led collaboration. The seminar concluded with remarks by Ambassador Khalid Mahmood, Chairman BoG of ISSI, who commended NIMA’s initiative in fostering a multidisciplinary platform to address pressing maritime issues.

At the international seminar titled “Deep-Sea Mining: Prospects & The Global Conservation Imperatives,” jointly organized by the National Institute of Maritime Affairs (NIMA) and the Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad (ISSI), Engr. Naimat Ullah Sohoo had the opportunity to present insights on the deep-sea environment and biodiversity of the Indian Ocean, based on his work at the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO).

He emphasized that over 92% of the Indian Ocean qualifies as deep-sea, making it the least understood yet ecologically vital part of the marine world. Beginning at depths beyond 200 meters, the deep-sea is a cold, high-pressure, pitch-dark environment with limited food availability. Despite these extreme conditions, it sustains diverse ecosystems and species—many of which are yet to be discovered.

His presentation highlighted unique deep-sea features such as manganese nodules, hydrothermal vents, and abyssal plains, along with deep-sea organisms like sea cucumbers, brittle stars, polychaetes, and deep-sea fish. These ecosystems offer crucial services like carbon storage, climate regulation, and energy potential, but are now at risk due to human pressures including mining and climate change.

He stressed the urgent need for science-led exploration, low-impact technologies, and international collaboration to protect these fragile ecosystems. As Pakistan explores opportunities within its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), it must ensure that all initiatives align with conservation principles under global ocean governance frameworks.

Citizen Participatory Meetings in Karachi for Mangroves Restoration

A meeting was held at NIO Head Office on 29 July 2025 Karachi among the officials of Directorate General of Audit, Citizen, Mr. Moeed DG audit, Islamabad, IUCN Team (Mr. Danish Rashdi Head, Sindh-Balochistan Programme and Dr. Babar Hussain Natural Resource Management Coordinator) and NIO team (Dr Sanober Kehkshan(PSO), Dr Tariq Mahmood (PSO), Dr Waqar Ahmad (PSO), Dr Aneela Shaheen (SRO) and Mr Faizan Muneer (RO) to discuss mangroves restoration work along the coast of Pakistan. Discussions were held on the degradation of mangroves and the restoration efforts undertaken over the past few decades by various institutions and organizations and the role of mangroves.

Representatives from two organizations acknowledged and appreciated the contributions of NIO in the fields of ecology and oceanography, particularly concerning the mangroves in the Indus Delta. The meeting concluded with an emphasis on continuing efforts through joint collaborations.

ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (ADB) COLLABORATED WITH THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY (NIO)

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) recently collaborated with the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Pakistan as part of the Sindh Coastal Resilience Project. ADB representatives visited NIO’s Integrated Physical Oceanographic Lab (IPOL) and were highly impressed by the institute’s work and extensive data collection under the PSDP project “Monitoring Seawater Intrusion, Sea Level Rise, Coastal Erosion and Land Subsidence along Sindh and Balochistan coast”.

Following the visit, ADB formally requested NIO to share its data and provide technical assistance for the project. In recognition of NIO’s valuable contribution to component 4 of the project, ADB has allocated a USD 3 million grant to support the collaboration.

The project aims to develop sustainable, climate resilient communities along the Sindh coastline. NIO will play an essential role by offering expertise and joining the project’s Steering Committee, alongside the Ministry of Science and Technology, Pakistan.

NIO is proud to contribute to this vital initiative and looks forward to working closely with ADB to address the environmental challenges facing coastal communities in Sindh.

Study Visit TMR Wing Government of Sindh| January 01,2025

In response to the request from the Director General of the Training Management & Research Wing, Services General Administration & Coordination Department, Government of Sindh, it is confirmed that the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) will host a Local Study Visit (LSV) at NIO Head office Karachi. The visit was for the participants of the 2nd Senior Management Course at the Training Management & Research Wing, SGA&CD, Government of Sindh, Karachi. It took place on Wednesday, January 1, 2025, from 10:00 AM to 12:30 PM. In this visit Dr. Ibrahim Zia, gave a presentation regarding NIO Capabilities, scope and its future vision.

Dr. Zia demonstrated the important role of oceanographic research in improving Pakistan’s national development. He had also discussed how it can help us build climate and coastal resilience, enhance the national image, and contribute to our economy, while addressing serious challenges like food and agriculture, water resources, and energy security.

Dr. Zia also stated that NIO provided support for running the pre-cyclone (Biparjoy) 2023 inundation model to assist in evacuation strategies under NEOC and NDMA. As a result, 80,000 lives were saved by evacuation based on the risk assessment provided by NIO.

Dr. Zia highlighted NIO’s major achievements, including the Continental Shelf Extension Program, which expanded Pakistan’s maritime boundaries, and the Antarctic Research Expedition, which provided crucial data for climate science and conservation, reflecting NIO’s commitment to advancing oceanographic research globally.

NIO is leading two major PSDP projects: “Monitoring the Sea Water Intrusion, Sea Level Rise, Coastal Erosion and Land Subsidence along Sindh and BalochistanCoast (SWI project)”, and strengthening Gwadar’s oceanographic research capabilities. These initiatives aim to mitigate climate change impacts, ensure sustainable coastal development, and enhance resource management for agriculture, infrastructure, and environmental protection. The participants also visited the Integrated Physical Oceanography Lab (IPOL) where Dr. Zia demonstrated them about the ongoing PSDP SWI project.The participants expressed their feelings, stating that the Sindh government wants to support such NIO activities in future to support Sindh coastline sustainability. This was an interactive session where participants felt free to ask questions, both individually and in groups, during the Q&A session led by Dr. Ibrahim Zia. They also took group photos as a memorable for NIO.

Sir Syed University of Engineering and Technology (SSUET) Team met up with the NIO and discussed the session on Climate Action on Erasmus+ project. This project Funded by the Erasums+programme of the European Union.The ICT (Information and Communication Technology) Applications for sustainable environmental protection (ACTIVE) project aims to bridge the gap between ICT engineering and environmental sciences in Pakistan. The Dean of the Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Prof. Dr. Muhammad Aamir, delivered a significant presentation on ACTIVE Climate Action, part of the Erasmus+ program. The ACTIVE project involves association of 6 universities and 2 organizations, uniting institutions from across Europe and beyond. They highlight the primary objective of this project first is Capacity-building activities to enhance ICT engineers' understanding of environmental issues.

Second is Establishing a master's degree and expert courses on advanced technologies like machine learning, artificial intelligence, remote sensing, IoT and sensor networks, wireless communication, and embedded systems, applied to environmental issues and climate change. And the last Creating four research centers focusing on local problems, providing practical training and contributing to environmental challenge mitigation. SSUET expressed interest in collaboratingresearch work with NIO, with a focus on practical, hands-on training and research aimed at finding sustainable solutions to environmental & Climate challenges. They also said thatthe project focuses on bridging the gap between these two fields to tackle both urban and rural environmental issues.

The Vice Chancellor of SSUET, Dr. Munawwar Hussain, and the Registrar of SSUET, Engr. Syed Sarfraz Ali, also visited the Integrated Physical Oceanography Lab (IPOL), where they were given a short presentation on NIO’s ongoing PSDP “Monitoring the Sea Water Intrusion, Sea Level Rise, Coastal Erosion and Land Subsidence along Sindh and Balochistan Coast (SWI project)”. SSUET team appreciated SWI project work and NIO’s efforts on ocean, coastline of Pakistanand deltasustainability. In the end, they presented a souvenir to NIO. The guests from SSUET were also honored with a souvenir from NIO.

The National School of Hydrography (NSH),Pakistan Navy requested the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Pakistan for the 2 week training related to Remote sensing and GIS . The course was held at NSH PNS Karsaz in Karachi. NSH appreciated NIO's IPOL lab involvement in enhancing the learning experience for its students. After completing the 2-week session, Officers and Cadets of NSH received a certificate of participation from NIO. Additionally, NIO was honoured by NSH with a souvenir in this regard.

National Institute of Oceanography Pakistan (NIO) has facilitated an internship program for students in collaboration with the Integrated Physical Oceanography Lab (IPOL) focusing on Physical Oceanography, Ocean GIS, Ocean Remote Sensing Techniques, and Data Sciences. This initiative equips students with essential skills in mapping oceanographic parameters and data analysis, preparing them for careers in oceanography. It helps to provide practical experience for understanding marine environments and making significant scientific contributions.

A Chinese delegation from the Second Institute of Oceanography, representing Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR), People’s Republic of China visited National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), Ministry of Science & Technology (MoST) Pakistan from 16th to 20th August 2023. The visit of a delegation from the Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO) to the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Pakistan marked the commencement of a significant collaboration.

Day 1 – 16th August 2023

The visit of the Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO) delegation to the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) in Pakistan centered on discussions regarding the establishment of a Ground Station for Marine Remote Sensing (GSMRS). The DirectorGeneral of NIO presented a comprehensive overview of NIO's functions, achievements, and ongoing research projects and plans, National and International Collaborations. The schedule for the visit was also discussed and the importance of stakeholder’s engagements and support was conveyed.

The meeting concluded with a brief plan for the next day’s site visits for Dhabeji and Ghorabari Sub Station. In the afternoon, the delegation visited each section of the Institute and interacted with the researchers showing interest in their work and possible partnerships for the future.

Day 2 – 17th August 2023

The group comprising of the Chinese guests and NIO Project team and relevant officials with the Director General traveled to Dhabeji, the site identified for GSMRS in 2015. The team then continued to visit the NIO substation Ghorabari (GBSS) at Gharo, District Thatta. The DG NIO introduced the substation, providing insights into its background, current status, ongoing and future scientific activities planned at Ghorabari.

Day 3 – 18th August 2023

The stakeholders from various national institutions were invited to meet with the SIO delegation and NIO had arranged briefing on the background of the project and technical details of the project and the end-user engagement. Senior representative from the International Liaison office, MoST was also present. The stakeholders engaged directly with the NIO and SIO. With the new Ground station for marine applications. Dr. Samina Kidwai, DG NIO, expects new opportunities for young researchers and early-career ocean professionals (ECOP). She expects that the facility cannot just cater to Pakistani researcher needs but can provide a professional development platform for regional countries and others interested.

SIO delegation accompanied by the Director General, Project team, NIO relevant experts of the subject and representative of IL MoST, visited the International Center of Chemical and Biological Sciences (ICCBS), University of Karachi. At the ICCBS the group was received warmly by the Distinguished Professor Dr. Atta ur Rehman and the team of ICCBS. A briefing was arranged.In the end of the briefing; the guests were presented with the presents.

Day 4 – 19th August 2023

The research and development operations being carried out by multiple sections of NIO were presented by the sectional heads to the SIO Delegation, encompassing the relevant projects that are planned for remote sensing applications. Notably, the participation of Geology and Geophysics section in Continental Shelf Extension, the Chinese geological survey cruises was highlighted. Likewise the Physical Section showedtheir R & D projects, their PSDP projects specially the ongoing “Monitoring the sea water intrusion, sea level rise, coastal erosion and land subsidence along Sindh and Baluchistan coast”. The HOD/PD showed how important this project was to Pakistan planning coastal installations, safety of the coastal zone, the wellbeing and livelihoods of the coastal communities. The involvement of Integrated Physical Oceanography lab in monitoring of TC BIPARJOY was conveyed to be instrumental in National Collaboration. The Chemistry Section presented ongoing projects related to environmental studies in the creeks of Indus delta and marine pollution risk assessments. The biology section presented the research work, facilities, collaborations, publications, international partnerships and projects (International, PSDP, and R & D Projects). Keen interest in the research activities of NIO’s sections was expressed by Chinese delegation.

Day 5 – 20th August 2023 – Sunday

The recommendations were drafted, reviewed, and subsequently signed on both sides, witnessed by IL, MoST and shared identical true copies by both parties.

On August 11, 2023, at 1100 hours, NIO celebrated its 76th Independence Day in the NIO auditorium. The event began with the recitation of the Holy Quran followed by the National Anthem of Pakistan. DG NIO enriched the occasion with her presence and her introductory remarks regarding the history of Independence Day. NIO scientists and staff enthusiastically performed national songs and remarks about the joy of living in an independent nation and to honor those who dedicated their lives in sacrifice to make Pakistan an independent Muslim nation.

A cake-cutting ceremony to commemorate the 76th Independence Day brought the ceremony to close at 1200 hours.

All NIO scientists & staff participated in the remarkable event and showed the solidarity to our beloved country and pray to success in future.

Some of the NIO's officers carried out a plantation drive at the conclusion of the ceremony as a symbol of their commitment to Pakistan's future sustainability.

On 10th February 2023, the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) was invited to attend three days Pakistan International Maritime Expo & Conference (PIMEC).

The Pakistan International Maritime Expo & Conference (PIMEC) was a significant event for the maritime industry in Pakistan organised by Pakistan Navy under the patronage of Ministry of Maritime Affairs. PIMEC provided a platform for local and international maritime companies, experts, and policymakers to come together to discuss and explore the latest technologies, equipment, and services related to the maritime sector.

The conference brought together industry leaders, policymakers, and experts to discuss the latest trends and challenges in the maritime sector. The conference also provided an opportunity for attendees to network, share knowledge, and learn from each other's experiences.

The National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) celebrated the “40 Years Commemoration of NIO” on 2nd January 2023. It was NIO’s first initiative to celebrate 40 years of Commemoration of NIO. Distinguished guests from former DGs NIO and alumni were invited. The program began with reciting the Holy Quran and the National Anthem of Pakistan. The opening program included introductory remarks and a wonderful video presentation of NIO's achievements of NIO in the last four decades such as Antarctic Expedition, Northern Arabian Sea Environment and Ecosystem Research (NASEER), and Continental Shelf Extension Program.

Dr. M.M.Rabbani (Former DG-NIO), Dr. Shahid Amjad (Former DG-NIO), Dr. Asif Inam (Former DG-NIO) addressed 1st Era (1981-1990), 2nd Era (1991-200), and 3rd Era (2001-2020) of NIO respectively. Brig(R) Akram (Associate, Friend of NIO) and Mr. Moazzam Khan (Former DG-MFD) expressed online their remarks of the day especially the role of NIO in Pakistan's first and second Antarctic expeditions. Current Director General NIO Dr. Samina Kidwai addressed a talk on NIO Vision 2040. Dr. Ibrahim Zia, Senior Research Officer and Project Director of GIS and RS Centre of Integrated Physical Oceanography Lab (IPOL) launched IPOL webpage and Weather Bulletin Flip Book. The souvenirs were presented to former Director Generals of NIO and alumni.

Over the years, the NIO has contributed significantly to the understanding of Pakistan's marine biodiversity, oceanography, and coastal processes. Their research has helped to identify and address issues related to marine pollution, climate change, and sustainable management of coastal resources.

Celebrating this anniversary is not only a recognition of the NIO's achievements but also an opportunity to reflect on the challenges that lie ahead. With the growing impacts of climate change and increasing pressures on coastal and marine ecosystems, the work of organizations like the NIO is more critical than ever. The Celebration of 40 Years ended with a Group Photo and refreshment.

On 14th November 2022, National Institute of Oceanography, Pakistan conducted a hybrid seminar on “GIS for Ocean” to celebrate the World GIS Day. It was NIO’s first initiative of celebrating Ocean GIS. Distinguished guests from multiple sectors of Ocean Sciences were invited. The program of the seminar was followed as listed in Agenda. Seminar began with the recitation of the Holy Quran followed by National Anthem of Pakistan.

Program began with an inclusive talk on Why Geography Matters? By Ms. Afia Salam. Afia stressed on the importance of Geography as Ocean sciences and the inclusivity of geography in all subject matters. She discussed how the tools of geography are our utmost need in order to build a sustainable environment. Ms. Salam shared here experiences of how geography helps to visualize, question, analyze and interpret data to better understand relationships, patterns and trends.

The keynote address was presented by Prof. Dr. Jamil Hassan Kazmi. His presentation expanded over Exploration of unseen with GIS as a power tool. He discussed how GIS has helped in finding solutions to complex problems in not only academia but also in commercial sector. He also shared how GIS helped his team map the green turtle nesting pits on Karachi’s sandy shores. He shared multifarious esri products and resources for Ocean Sciences which can help make better decisions on mesoscales.

Following the plenary address by Dr. Kazmi, the insignia was presented to both the invited guest speakers by Dr. M. M. Rabbani (Ex-Director General NIO). Mr. Khalid Mehmood, a Senior Research Officer at NIO along with Mr. Mohsin Tabrez, Ex-In charge NODC-NIO, shared their story of bringing success home. They presented a story map of marking the blue limits of Pakistan employing GIS in Continental Shelf Extension Program. Mr. Khalid shared the snips of multi-beam surveys conducted to determine the extent of Continental Shelf and explained the workflow of CSE. Following which Mr. Mohsin Tabrez presented the components of Geodatabase created for CSE and explained how GIS was used to extend the limits of Exclusive Economic Zone of Pakistan.

Dr. Ibrahim Zia, Senior Research Officer and Head of GIS and RS Center of Integrated Physical Oceanography Lab (IPOL) at NIO – presented an outline of the use of GIS and RS in monitoring the coastal erosion, sea water intrusion, seal level rise and land subsidence along the Pakistan Coast. He talked about the pressures and threats on coastal Blue Stuff of Pakistan (Assessment on complex and present combined risk scenarios) alongside the multifarious studies of NIO employing GIS. He also touched upon the results of Satellite based estimation of Suspended solids concentrations and spatio temporal shifts in barrier islands of Indus delta. He concluded with a concept note on future of Integrated Physical Oceanography Lab.

The Program was concluded on a lookahead note by Director General, National Institute of Oceanography, Dr. Samina Kidwai. She gave a presentation on Oceanography in NIO – Technologies and tools towards 2040. Dr. Samina gave an overview of geography of Arabian Sea, Pakistan coast, the Exclusive Economic zone and the dynamic oceanographic characteristics. In her presentation she presented NIO’s Vision of 2040 and how NIO is playing its role for Sustainable Ocean environment. Her remarks were centered around the “The Science We Need for the Ocean We Want”.

The Celebrations of GIS day ended with a Question and answers session followed by a small refreshment. The seminar was attended by dignitaries from national institutions, scholars and researchers from academia, and representatives from research organizations. Over 65 participants attended this interactive event which covered 05 presentations

On 8th June, National Institute of Oceanography Pakistan celebrated 14th World Ocean Day on this year’s theme “Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean”. Veteran scientist and luminaries of Ocean Sciences from around the world were invited in the hybrid event /seminar to present their talks and share their experiences on the theme of the day.

The proceedings of the day began with the Recitation from The Quran followed by National Anthem of Pakistan. The Seminar included the video message of Dr. Vladimir Ryabinin Executive Secretary, IOC & Assistant Director General, recorded for NIO’s Ocean Day, online presentation by Dr.Patricia Milosovich, Executive Director SCOR on title “The Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) Developing Capacity and Advancing Ocean Sciences through International Cooperation Since 1957”. She presented her talk and presentation along with a brief video on the different collective oceanographic programs SCOR has undertaken in which scientists around the globe have participated.

This was followed by a talk by Mr. Muhammad Tahir, Marine Geophysicst on the topic “From Pixels to Picture – Ocean Mapping under Seabed 2030.Prof. Qing He, Professor ENCU & Director SKLEC P.R China spoke on the “Mega-Delta Programme” – an endorsed Programme of the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.” Dr. Saima Aijaz ,Research Scientist, Australian Bureau of Meteorology, Australia presented on “Numerical Models for Ocean Forecasting, Storm surges, Cyclones and Coastal Erosion” focusing on the global Ocean observationsystems. Mr. Justin Ahanhanzo Programme Specialist, IOC UNESCO talked on the “InternationalLiaison and its Value”.

Dignitaries from National Institutions, Scholars and Researchers from the Academia and Research organizations were present at the seminar in person while there was a substantial international audience connected virtually to show solidarity and the value of global actions across sectors.

NIO celebrated diamond jubilee Independence Day on 12th August 2022 at NIO auditorium at 1100 hours. The celebration started with the Gracious name of Almighty Allah followed by the National Anthem of Pakistan. DG NIO graced the event with her presence and shared opening remarks for the event. NIO Scientists and Staff presented National Songs and speeches with great zeal and zest to rejoice for an independent country to live in and to pay tribute to people who were martyred and sacrificed their lives to achieve Pakistan as an independent Muslim country. The ceremony concluded at 1200 hours with a cake cutting ceremony to celebrate 75th Independence Day. At the end of the event, some of the new recruits of NIO performed the plantation drive to pledge for a clean and green future for Pakistan.

Senator Syed Shibli Faraz, Federal Minister for Science & Technology visited the National Institute of Oceanography on 11th March, 2022. The Minister inaugurated the Integrated Physical Oceanographic Laboratory (IPOL) at NIO and Dr. Samina Kidwai, Director General, NIO briefed the Minister about the PSDP project "Monitoring the Sea Water Intrusion, Sea Level Rise, Coastal Erosion & Land Subsidence Along Sindh and Baluchistan". This project is listed in the Prime Minister's Performance Agreement.


The Integrated Physical Oceanography Lab at NIO Physical Oceanography section will act as a nucleus where all Physical parameters and associated data will be received and analyzed with the help of the latest technology.


The efforts made by the Scientists and Technicians of the National Institute of Oceanography and the project team in the field of Ocean Science were appreciated by the Honorable Minister with the hope that the Institute will continue to flourish and expand its research activities. Federal Minister for Science and Technology also visited various laboratories of the Institute and briefly met with the scientists and discussed the research being carried out by them.
The Minister emphasized that the NIO's project findings will provide very important baseline data which will ultimately help assess damages, and provide the basis for suggesting and formulating policies for mitigating the Sea water intrusion, Sea level rise and mapping of land subsiding zone along the Pakistan coast.


Group photo of Honorable Minister with NIO officer’s and staff members

Earlier in the month of November 2021, DG NIO Dr. Samina Kidwai, along with Mr. Naimatullah Sohoo and Mr. Waqar Ahmed, visited NIO sub-station at Sonmiani to discuss matters related to administration and Research & Development (R&D) activities. The sub-station is serving as a permanent station for time series collection of meteorological parameter observation collected from Automatic Weather Station by NIO under the project “Monitoring the Sea Water Intrusion, Sea Level Rise, Coastal Erosion & Land Subsidence along Sindh and Balochistan Coast” and also by Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD). In order to secure the premises and assets and land, DG NIO instructed the station in-charge to build boundary wall in the vicinity.


Fig. 1 NIO Sub-Station Sonmiani

DG NIO also visited another NIO sub-station located at Gwadar and held meeting with officer in-charge Mr. Ali Jan and Gwadar Staff on the administrative and R&D activities. Scientific and technical team from the NIO head office documented the area within the boundary of the Gwadar station for the construction/extension of laboratories and main building under the on-going PSDP “Project Strengthening of Oceanographic Research Substation Gwadar Pakistan”


Fig 2. Oceanographic Research Substation Gwadar


Fig. 3 Meeting with the officer in charge and staff of Gwadar Station

DG NIO and NIO officers had a meeting with the Chairman, Gwadar Port Authority to discuss the reactivation of NIO Tidal observatory and berthing space/ facility for NIO survey boat at Gwadar Fish Harbor and other official matters related to the MoU between both the departments. The minutes of the meetings has already been shared to the GPA. Previously, National Institute of Oceanography has conducted several oceanographic surveys for the government of Balochistan. Exchange of insignia and brochures has been done at the end of meeting.


Fig. 4,5 Meeting with the chairman of Gwadar Port Authority at Gwadar




Fig. 6 Pishkan Jetty

National Institute of Oceanography Pakistan celebrated Eid Melad-un-Nabi ﷺ on 20th October 2021 at NIO auditorium, to delve in to the sacred life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, to reflect on the advent of Prophethood and to highlight the fact that Prophet ﷺ has been sent in this world as the epitome of mercy for all mankind and for all creatures.



Director General, National Institute of Oceanography Dr. Samina Kidwai solemnly grace event with her presence and extended support. With the permission of DG NIO, Ms. Saira Ishaq S.R.O, began to conduct the Melad-un-Nabi ﷺ at 10:30 am.
The event started with the glorious name of Allah Almighty. The verses of Holy Quran were recited followed by the Naat-e-Mustafa ﷺ.
Dr. Hina Saeed Baig, Principal Scientific Officer, spoke on the occasion about the history before the birth of Prophet ﷺ. Ms. Saira Ishaq S.R.O, addressed the exemplary life led by Prophet Muhammad ﷺ and shared numerous verses of Holy Quran which praises Muhammad ﷺ. Dr. Ibrahim Zia, Research Officer, presented the Seerat of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. He emphasized the importance of following the sayings of Prophet ﷺ.. The staff members recited beautiful and heartening Naats to praise the qualities of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ as the best of all humans and the miracles that are bestowed to him by the Almighty Allah.
On the end note of the event, Mr. Nisar Pirzada (Computer Operator) recalled how Arabs treated Prophet Muhammad ﷺ..
The event concluded with the very comprehensive Dua. Special prayers were made for all the deceased NIO employees and their relatives, for promising future of NIO and to follow the footsteps of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ which is the essence of celebration of 12th Rabbi-ul-Awwal every year.


Illuminated NIO building on the occasion of Eid Melad-un-Nabi.


Group photo of NIO officer’s and staff members on Eid Melad-un-Nabi celebration.

NIO celebrated 74th Pakistan Independence Day 2021 with great zeal and zest. The celebration started with the compliance to Prime Minister's plantation drive initiative to turn Pakistan green. DG NIO and senior scientists planted fruits and flowering trees in the vicinity of NIO.



The Independence Day celebration ceremony started with the gracious name of Almighty Allah. DG NIO delivered the heart-warming opening remarks to commemorate Pakistan's independence. National Anthem was sung with high spirit. Quaid-e-Azam's original speech on 14th August 1947 that was archived and available on the internet was presented in the ceremony to familiarize with the vision of Quaid-e Azam for the Pakistan. NIO scientists and staff presented speeches and National Songs for the praise of Pakistan and the struggles of our ancestors and National Heros to achieve Pakistan as an independent country.



The ceremony ended with the pledge to make Pakistan a strongest nation and country and a better place to live in.

1. Dr. Samina Kidwai, DG NIO discusses a nexus between Ocean and human in an exciting seminar/webinar on "Restoration and Preservation of Marine Ecosystem of Pakistan" on June 07, 2021 at NIMA Headquarter, Bahria University, Islamabad.

2. DG NIO on World Oceans Day, broadcast by PTV NEWS

NIO celebrates 30 years (15 Jan 1991- 15 Jan 2021) in Antarctic

A 44-member strong team comprising Chinese and Pakistani scientists completed their oceanographic expedition to Makran and returned to Karachi on Saturday after spending almost three weeks in the offshore waters, carrying out detailed geophysical, geological and oceanographic surveys and collecting samples for research. Seven members of Pakistani team were from the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) and one from the Pakistan navy.

The Chinese side led by Prof Jian Lin, Deputy Director General, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (SCSIO) comprised 35 scientists that came to Karachi onboard a research vessel named Shiyan 3.

“The NIO scientists had participated in the Chinese expedition to Antarctica and the Chinese expedition to Southern Indian Ocean. But, this was the first time the two countries conducted geological, geophysical and oceanographic surveys in the Arabian Sea,” he said, adding that the study site was the area in front of Pasni. DG NIO told Dawn.

Experts in the expedition included Dr Min Xu, Dr Fan Zhang, Dr Hongfeng Yang, Dr Gang Li, Imran Hasany, Waseem Haider, Sanober Kahkashan, Dr Noor Kalhoro, Khalid Mahmood, Anwar Zeb, Uzair Lodhi and Asad-Ullah Memon.
Learn more . .
Published in Dawn, february 4th, 2018

Projects were presented

Director General NIO briefed Federal Minister for Science and Technology and Chairman CPEC Lieutenant General (Retired) Asim Saleem Bajwa about five different projects to be funded under CPEC

Honorable Federal Minister for Science and Technology Mr. Chaudhry Fawad Hussain, visited the National Institute of Oceanography on 5th October, 2020. Dr. Hina Saeed Baig, Director General, NIO briefed him about the overall scientific progress on the various ongoing progarmmes of the Institute which relate to ocean resource development. Mr Chaudhry Fawad Hussain also inaugurated NIO's Sea Water Intrusion (SWI) Project.

Astola island

Astola island, a major biodiversity hotspot and the largest island along Pakistan’s coast, was declared the country’s first marine protected area through a notification issued by the Balochistan government on Thursday.

The island covers an area of about 400 square kilometres and is located 39km east of Pasni, Balochistan. It is home to several species of marine and terrestrial animals and plants. The deadly Russell’s viper (Echis carinatus astolae), a highly venomous snake, is endemic to the island. It also a nesting place for many sea birds, especially the greater crested tern (Thalasseus bergii), which have thousands of nests on the island.Astola Island’s sandy beaches are a nesting ground for green turtles and around 25 species of coral have been found in the ocean around it.

“By declaring the Astola island a marine protected area, Pakistan has started its compliance with the Aichi Target 11, which requires that by 2020, at least 17 per cent of terrestrial and inland water areas and 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas are to be conserved,” Muhammad Moazzam Khan, technical adviser on marine fisheries with the WWF-P, said. The step taken by the Balochistan government would ensure that the island’s biodiversity would be protected, the use of deleterious fishing methods will be stopped and recreational activities would be controlled, he added.

“It will also ensure that protected, threatened and endangered species of crustaceans, coral, mammals, sharks, turtles, whales and mobulids will be conserved. Moreover, whale sharks, sunfish, guitarfish and seabirds will not be harvested or killed,” he said.

“Subsequently, a motion submitted from Pakistan was adopted at the IUCN World Conservation Congress 2016 calling for the declaration of Astola Island as a marine protected area in Pakistan,” he recalled.

Citing international conventions on nature conservation, he pointed out that Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agreed by the UN General Assembly in September 2015 had called for conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas and marine resou­rces for sustainable development (SDG 14).

“Change in land and sea use shall not be allowed in the protected area except with prior permission of the government, where the change is likely to enhance the conservation value of the protected area in terms of biodiversity and other elements of nature subject to and within the permitted scope of Conv­ention on Biological Dive­rsity,” the notification says.

Honorable Minister of State for Science and Technology Mr. Chaudhry Fawad Hussain, visited the National Institute of Oceanography on 3rd May, 2019. Dr. Nuzhat Khan, Director General, NIO briefed him about the overall scientific progress on the various ongoing progarmmes of the Institute which relate to ocean resource development. DG, NIO also briefed about the successful execution of Continental Shelf Programme.

The Minister was also briefed about various research activities undertaken by the National Institute of Oceanography in Coastal Marine Research program and Offshore Ecosystems, Marine Debris, Coastal Hydraulic, Geology/Geophysics, Marine Pollution Monitoring and Marine Bio-Technology Physical and Chemical Oceanography.

The international programmes with Germany, China and France on living and non-living resources were greatly appreciated. The efforts made by the scientists of the National Institute of Oceanography in the field of Ocean Science were appreciated and the Honourable Minister hoped that the institute will continue to flourish and expand its research activities.

NIO officer successfully completed
"2017 Summer School on Remote Sensing & GIS" ,
organized by National Center for Remote Sensing & Geo-Informatics,
Institute of Space Technology, Karachi,on August 1-10, 2017,
at National Center for Remote Sensing and Geo-Informatics, SUPARCO HQs., Karachi

During the training participants had hands-on training on remote sensing softwares
and its application.

NIO celebrates the 9th Ocean Day 8th June 2017

In 2008, United Nations General Assembly decided that from 2009 onwards 8 June will be designated as the “World’s Oceans Day”, through a UN Resolution 63/111, paragraph 171, adopted on 8 December, 2008. This year Ocean Day was celebrated with the first-ever United Nations Ocean Conference in New York. Bringing together Heads of State, high level dignitaries from across the World, Dr. Asif Inam, Director General NIO is also attended the conference. In order to demonstrate solidarity with the international Community, National Institute of Oceanography organized an Open House on 8th June 2017 in NIO to celebrate the 9th Ocean Day and discuss the role of oceans in our lives and to raise awareness of the present challenges faced by the humans and other living beings connected with the ocean.

Dr. Monawwar Saleem, Chief Scientific Officer, National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) delivered a lecture introducing the significance of the day and the background under which the United Nation declared June 8 as the “World Ocean Day” from 2009 onwards. He further elaborated the UN theme for this year, which is “Our Ocean, Our Future”, and spoke about the importance of the oceans. He also highlighted the issues and challenges faced by oceans like pollution, Sea level rise, Oxygen depletion, and Global warming and Ocean acidification. He pointed out that since the industrial revolution about 375 billion tons of carbons have been emitted by humans to the atmosphere as CO2. This acidification is affecting the marine biota with direct effect on the marine food web as a result coral reefs, shellfisheries, capture fisheries and mari-culture activities are greatly affected.

The 9th Ocean Day celebrations ended with an informative documentry emphasizing the threats faced by oceans. In the end, the coordinator Dr. Hina Baig from NIO thanked the participants with hope that the gathering will reconvene again next year in 2018, to celebrate the 10th World Ocean Day.

Sixth Session of IOC Regional Committee for Central Indian Ocean (IOCINDIO-VI), Kuwait City, Kuwait, 24-25 May 2017 and IOCINDIO Strategic Revitalization Scoping Workshop, 22-23 May 2017

Dr. Samina Kidwai of the National Institute of Oceanography presented Pakistan in the IOCINDIO Strategic Revitalization Scoping Workshop (22-23 May) and the IOCINDIO-VI (24-25 May, 2017). The event was organized to gain and maintain the momentum when several international initiatives are taking place in the region, creating favorable conditions to support ongoing regional and national efforts of IOCINDIO Member States. In particular, the 2nd International Indian Ocean Expedition (2015–2020), the Decade of African Seas and Oceans (2015–2025), and a significant number of IOC/UNESCO related programmes and activities including Tsunami, Global Sea-level Observing System, Global Ocean Observing System with the Indian Ocean Observing System; International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange, Integrated Coastal Area Management and the IOC Capacity Development Strategy.

The Minister of Education and Higher Education H.E. Dr. Mohammad Al-Fares inaugurated the event. Dr. Samira A. S. Omar, Director General, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research (KISR) made the welcoming address. The current Chair of the IOCINDIO Dr. M. A. Atmananad (INDIA) introduced the scope of the workshop and projects identification, followed by Mr. Justin Ahanhanzo, IOC/UNESCO who provided the background for the reactivation of IOCINDIO with the rationale of the scoping workshop. This was followed by the views and expression of interest of Member States Representatives and partners.

Dr. Kidwai, in her opening statement at the inauguration session explained that Pakistan had successfully extended its Continental Shelf area and Oceanography in Pakistan was more visible now. The implementation of SDG 14 has gained attention and Pakistan also attended the IPCC meeting in Monacco. NIO Pakistan was also participating in the IIOE-2 initiatives and hence there were huge opportunities for oceanography in Pakistan. Pakistan viz a vis NIO Pakistan would do all in our limited capacities to support UNESCO IOC/IIOE-2 and other programmes aligned with our national programmes, and appreciate the support & cooperation of the regional partners.

NIO'S COMMENTS ON SEA INTRUSION

The recorded data on sea level rise (SLR) at Karachi and adjoining Indus deltaic area is based on the data collected over the past 100 years. The estimated rise is 1.2 mm/year and it is expected to double during the next 50 to 100 years, resulting in 20-50 cm rise in sea level (UN ESCAP, 1996). The adverse effect of sea level rise on the Pakistan coast is expected to be pronounced in the Indus delta because the delta is generally flat and low-lying.

There are no direct measurements on subsidence rates in the Indus delta, however, experience in other deltas indicate that subsidence rates at the delta must have increased due to lack of sediment flux. Indus delta could have a relative sea level rise of up to 8 to 10mm/yr as per the projected rate of global component of sea-level rise of up to 6mm/yr in the next century. If the present trends continue the Indus delta will ultimately establish a transgressive beach dominated by aeolian dunes, due to lack of sediment inputs and the high energy waves (Haq, 1999).

NIO is of the view that the Indus delta is experiencing sediment compaction like other major deltas of the world mainly due to sediment starvation and ground water extraction. However, no observed data is available to provide concrete validation of the compound impact of sea level rise and ground subsidence. The ground subsidence has already resulted in the sea water intrusion upstream to 80 km in the coastal areas of Thatta, Hyderabad and Badin districts. The primary impacts include the erosion of beaches, flooding and inundation of wetlands and lowlands, salinization of ground and surface waters, extended intrusion of sea water, and impact on mangrove ecosystem and coastal agriculture.

Long duration study is required to identify the vulnerability index of creek system, for which oceanographic observations are planned. The exact extent of the land loss has yet to be determined. The Ministry of Science & Technology has established a Seawater Intrusion (SWI) and Land subsidence (LS) Cell at NIO. The Cell is comprised of the scientists and officers of NIO, SUPARCO, Hydrography Department, Pakistan Navy, and the Ministry of Defence.

The acquisition of oceanographic, Remote sensing and coastline/bathymetric observations along the coast and adjacent areas are critical in devising control measures, and suggesting management plans.

Iincreased threats of cyclonic activity in the Arabian Sea is likely to make the two coastal provinces more vulnerable in terms of loss of life and property not only in the coastal areas but this may also extend inlands. Particularly under threat is Karachi, the largest city of the country and the hub of its industry (TFCC, 2010). In view of the scenario, and the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) and SUPARCO have jointly prepared a PSDP proposal which was submitted as a PC-1 " Monitoring The Sea Level Rise, Sea Water Intrusion And Land Subsidence In Indus Deltaic Creek System With Special Reference To Sindh Coastal Cities Flooding" to the Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of Pakistan. The main objectives are to undertake long term qualitative and quantitative data collection using in-situ observatories and Remote Sensing Technology with a focus to address this issue. Only after undertaking a detailed study, it would be possible for the Seawater Intrusion Cell to identify vulnerable spots along the Pakistan coastline and also to estimate/predict the extend of potential threat due to climate change and other natural threats.

The National Institute of Oceanography organized an International workshop on Seawater Intrusion on 20 October 2015. Follow-up of this event included a field trip on 21 October to the Keti Bundar, Hajamro creek area jointly carried out by NIO and the Chinese scientists with the support of the Commander Coast, Pakistan Navy.

On 22 October the Chinese scientist spent a whole day deliberations on areas of cooperation and identifying new avenues of research collaboration. The afternoon session comprised of bilateral discussion comprising of evaluating progress since the signing of the MoUs and modalities of submitting proposals. The Chinese side was led by Prof. Dr. Huang Daji Deputy Director General, Second Institute of Oceanography-State Oceanic Administration, P.R. China and the Pakistan side was led by Dr. Asif Inam Director General, National Institute of Oceanography. Mr. Khan Wazir Khan Assistant Scientific Advisor (IL Wing, MoST was also present during all the proceedings. The meeting was attended by all scientists of NIO and the visiting scientists of the P.R. China.

Tsunamis waves of local origin, which account for most fatalities due to tsunami worldwide, pose a natural hazard on shores of the Arabian Sea. The main source of this hazard is the Makran subduction zone, an active boundary between converging tectonic plates that slants gently northward beneath the Arabian Sea coasts of Iran and Pakistan. Its seaward edge tracks the foot of the continental slope for a distance of 800 kilometres (refer to map below). Were the zone to break along its entire length, the resulting earthquake might be in a range of magnitude 8.7-9.2, and the ensuing tsunami would likely exceed 10 metres in height along most coasts of northern Oman, southeast Iran, Pakistan, and northwest India.

This worst-case scenario scales up the Makran earthquake and tsunami of 1945. The earthquake, of magnitude 8.1, resulted from fault rupture in an eastern part of the subduction zone along what is now the coast of Pakistan.

The rupture started offshore of Pasni and extended beneath Ormara. The ensuing tsunami has been ascribed in part to submarine slides5,11,19, and trapping of its waves on the continental shelf has also been proposed. The shaking and fooding in 1945 occured early on 28 November local time. Thirteen deaths attributed to the tsunami were confrmed in Bombay (Mumbai).

(... 1945-Makran-tsunami-booklet).

NIO has organized an International workshop on “Seawater Intrusion Affecting Coast, Ecosystem and livelihoods” on 20 October 2015 at Marriott Hotel, Karachi. The objective of the workshop was to address the issues related to seawater intrusion in the coastal areas and to explore possible measures to reduce or lessen its impacts through mutual sharing of experiences and information within scientific community, policy makers and management responsible. Delegations from Second Institute of Oceanography, Hangzhou and State Key Laboratory for Estuarine and Coastal Research, Shanghai, China are participated in the workshop.

Mr. Abid Hussain, Additional Secretary, Ministry of Science & Technology was the chief guest of the workshop.

Dr. Naeem Ahmed of NIO briefly introduced the theme of the workshop. Director General of NIO, Dr. Asif Inam, Dr. Huang Daji (SIO), Vice Admiral Perviz Asghar (NCMPR), Prof. Dr. Xu Dongfeng (SIO), Dr. M. Ashraf (PCRWR), Dr.Yang Hui (SIO) Prof. Dr. Zhanghua Wang (SKLEC), Dr. A R. Tabrez (COMSATS), Dr. Samina Kidwai (NIO), Dr. Haider Hasan (NED), Dr. Nuzhat Khan (NIO), Prof. Dr. Shahid Amjad (IoBM), Prof. Dr. Sarfraz H. Solangi (Sindh University) , Saeed Ahmed Bablani (Sindh University), Dr. Hui Wu (SKLEC), Mehwish Shafi Khan (SUPARCO), Shella Bano (PCRWR), Mudassar Umar (SUPARCO), Ibrahim Zia (NIO) also spoke and shared their work on seawater intrusion.

Minister chaired the meeting of BoG of NIO

Fifth meeting of Board of Governors (BoG) of National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) was held at the NIO Head office, Karachi on 16th October 2015. The meeting was Chaired by the Honorable Rana Tanweer Hussain, Federal Minister for Science and Technology, Government of Pakistan.

The Minister appreciated the efforts undertaken by NIO in successfully getting approved Pakistan’s case for Continental Shelf Extension beyond 200 Nautical Miles from United Nations with in a total cost of Rs. 500 millions. The extended area of 50,000 sq. km now also means the extension of our limits of research. Therefore, NIO now has the responsibility once again to remain focused in exploration of the extended Economic Zone and lead the efforts once again for the benefit and uplift of our country.

The Minister also had a brief meeting with technical team members of Continental Shelf Extension Program of Pakistan. The Minister appreciated the R&D efforts currently being undertaken by NIO in collaboration of national and international stakeholders for the development of Marine Resources for the economic uplift of the Country and emphasized on launching of new projects for socio-economic uplift of the all Pakistanis. He ensured The Government's full cooperation in achieving NIO's goals and targets set forth in Vision 2025 and our International obligations.

He supported NIO's request for the acquisition of a dedicated research platform that was critical for any oceanographic Institution and emphasized that new and fresh opportunities are arising from the announcement of the Pak-China Economic Corridor and therefore it was paramount that we all contribute towards building our great Nation. The Federal Minister further directed NIO to act upon the recommendation given by the Senate’s Standing Committee on Science and Technology regarding the sea water intrusion and land subsidence so that impacts on the coastal areas of Pakistan could be minimized.

NIO and SUPARCO Teams collaboration in studies for Flood and Environment Assessment in Coastal Sindh

A joint team of NIO and SUPARCO on the 8th September 2015 carried out a field visit of coastal Sindh. NIO has been regularly visiting the coastal area of Sindh. Two surveys were carried out on the 25th July and 12th August 2015 to assess the flood conditions at various fixed stations (Kharo Chann, Jangesir, Keti Bundar, Sajawal Bridge) established for monitoring. Observations were recorded and samples were collected. Freshwater conditions were observed at 3 out of 4 stations. The salinity levels at Keti Bundar was 20 (25 July 2015) and 12 (12th August & 8th Septemberfor 2015), the salinity levels are maintained at Keti Bundar. At the Sajawal Bridge station where the river had been in full flow on 12 August 2015 the river bed was exposed and the water flow was limited to a shallow stream level.

SUPARCO and NIO are collaborating to monitor the coastal areas of Sindh and in this connection, SUPARCO established a weather station and an air sampler at the Ghorabari station of NIO. The objective is to collect observations for a full year with regular intervals of 6- 8 weeks.

Cyclone Alert Tropical Cyclone in Northwest Arabian Sea; ASHOBAA

12th June Alert from PMD The Tropical Cyclone (ASHOBAA) over northwest Arabian Sea has slightly tracked further westward during past six hours and now lies centred at Lat 20.8N and Long 60.0E about 150 km east-northeast of Masirah, Island (Oman). The Tropical Cyclone is likely to weaken into a depression during next 12 hrs and cross Oman coast by 12 June morning. Due to high tidal flow the sea conditions are likely to remain rough along Makran western-most coast (Gwadar and Jiwani) accompanied with occasional gusty winds and maximum surge of 10 ft. The Cyclone Warning Centre (Karachi) of Pakistan Meteorological Department has advised the fishermen of Balochistan as: Fishermen of Balochistan are advised not to venture in open sea till 12 June evening.

World Oceans Day – 8 June
Theme - World Oceans Day (8 June 2015) - “Healthy Oceans, healthy planet”

The National Institute of Oceanography celebrates the World Ocean Day 2015 by joining the world community again and through its reiterated pledge to support activities of civic consciousness of the ocean environments and its various facets. Dr. Asif Inam, Director General and several scientists spoke on important national interest avenues and provided once again their commitment to ocean research for national development. The Ocean Day is extra special for NIO this year as the Nation celebrates the extension of its Continental Shelf boundaries and with it, its increased potentials. The day offers an opportunity to recognize the considerable challenges we face in maintaining their capacity to regulate the global climate, supply essential ecosystem services and provide sustainable livelihoods and safe recreation. Furthering our emphasis on individual and collective duty to protect the marine environment and carefully manage its resources. It is vital that the Nation comes together to:
- Identify opportunities for inter-linkages
- enhance partnerships to achieve targets and development goals
- Generate new public and private sources of finance
- Improve the capacity for implementing and monitoring national policies
- Create opportunities for the coordination
- Increase use of information and communication technologies to enhance effective communication and information sharing.

In 2008, the United Nations General Assembly decided that, as from 2009, 8 June would be designated by the United Nations as “World Oceans Day” (Resolution 63/111, paragraph 171). Many countries have celebrated World Oceans Day following the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, which was held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.

The oceans are essential to food security and the health and survival of all life, power our climate and are a critical part of the biosphere. The official designation of World Oceans Day is an opportunity to raise global awareness of the current challenges faced by the international community in connection with the oceans.

The Oceans cover 70% of the planet, and the significance of the oceans is un debated. It regulates our climate, feeds millions, produces oxygen and is home to a variety of wildlife that serves humanity in a variety of ways. Human activities are taking a terrible toll on the world’s oceans and seas. Vulnerable marine ecosystems, such as corals, and important fisheries are being damaged by over-exploitation, illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, destructive fishing practices, invasive alien species and marine pollution, especially from land-based sources. Increased sea temperatures, sea-level rise and ocean acidification caused by climate change add to it. Safe, healthy and productive seas and oceans are integral to human well-being, economic security and sustainable development and prosperity of nations.

UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ACCEPTS PAKISTAN’S CASE ON THE EXTENTED CONTINENTAL SHELF FOR PAKISTAN

The UN Commission on Limits of Continental Shelf hason Friday 21st March 2015 finally announced adoption of the recommendations for Extension of Pakistan Continental Shelf. With this Pakistan’s continental shelf limits stands extended from 200 to 350 nautical miles, giving Pakistan sovereign rights over additional areaof 50,000sq km beyond Pakistan’s Exclusive Economic Zone thus increasing Pakistan’s maritime area from 240,000 sq km at present to about 290,000 sq km.

Earlier realizing the significance of Continental Shelf Extension, the Ministry of Science & Technology initiatedthe Projectback in 2004, to work on the details required for the submission of its case to the United Nations under the Law of the Sea to which Pakistan is a signatory since 1997. Government of Pakistan entrusted the responsibility of this national Project to the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), under the administrative control of Ministry of Science & Technology. The NIO along with technical support of all the stake holders; like Ministries of Foreign Affairs,Defence, Hydrography Department of PN, Law, Justice & Human Right, Science & Technology, Petroleum and Natural Resources and the Planning Divisionetcafter completed the entire requirements and Technical and Scientific Guidelines of the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf for submission of Pakistan’s Case for the extension of its Continental Shelf to the United Nations on 30th April 2009.

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) defines the different maritime zones and regulates marine sovereignty rights and rights of use, among others. The juridical Continental Shelf of a coastal state comprises the submerged natural prolongation of its land territory, and consists of the seabed and subsoil of the shelf, the slope and the rise. According to Article 76, coastal states had - under certain geological conditions - extended their juridical Continental Shelf and thus gain marine sovereignty rights beyond the 200-nautical-mile limit of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Within the extended zone, a state has among other things the exclusive right of exploring and exploiting non-living-resources of the seabed and subsoil as well as sedentary species, whereas fishing rights remain limited to the EEZ.

Pakistan gave a formal presentation to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) on 16 August 2013 at United Nations, New York. Pakistan demonstrated that high quality bathymetric and seismic data were acquired during Pakistan’s Continental Shelf Programme and the case submitted to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf is based on concrete scientific evidence. Further the Pakistan’s scientific team was well supported both onshore and offshore by leading international experts. The Chairman Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf,established a seven member sub-commission to review Pakistan’s submission. In the yearlong process Pakistan technical delegation held multiple interactions with the UN Commission. The Sub-commission undertook critical review of Pakistan Submission and detailed analysis of the data submitted by Pakistan as per article 76 and Scientific & Technical Guidelines. During each interaction Pakistan delegation was posed number of technical questions and the preciseness and speed with which Pakistan delegation responded to each query helped in culminating the whole process successfully within a year, while some other states have taken more than 3 years to complete this process.

Members of Pakistan technical delegation who pursued Pakistan submission during 2013-15 include are Commodore Zafar Mansoor Tipu SI(M) Judge Advocate General of Pakistan Navy, Dr Asif Inam Director General National Institute of Oceanography and also Director of Pakistan Continental Shelf Project, Commander Salman Ahmed Khan Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department, Mr Mohsin Tabrez and Mr Khalid Mehmoodof National Institute of Oceanography.

The Subcommission established to examine Pakistan’s submission presented the recommendations to the main Commission during its 37th Session on 10th March 2015. On the same date Pakistan also made a formal concluding Presentation on the submission. The presentation of the Sub-commission and Pakistan’s delegation covered all technical and legal aspects of the submission, in conformity with relevant clauses of the Law of the Sea - UNCLOS.

Pakistan has become the first country in the region amongst India, Oman, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Myanmar, to have the sea limits extended and secured the vast non-living mineral and oil & gas resources of the extended area.

PAKISTAN’S CONTINENTAL SHELF EXTENSION PROGRAMME

Under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) the continental shelf is that part of the seabed over which a coastal State exercises sovereign rights with regard to the exploration and exploitation of natural resources including oil and gas deposits as well as other minerals and biological resources of the seabed. The legal continental shelf extends out to a distance of 200 nautical miles from its coast, or further if the shelf naturally extends beyond that limit.

Where the continental shelf extends beyond 200 nautical miles a State is required by UNCLOS (Article 76) to make a submission to the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS). This submission sets out the coordinates of the outer limits of the shelf and is accompanied by technical and scientific data to support the claim. The Commission assesses the limits and data submitted by the coastal State and makes recommendations. The outer limits of the continental shelf established by a coastal State based on these recommendations are final and binding.

Submissions for an extended Continental Shelf were required to be filed directly with the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) with detailed marine geo-scientific data describing e. g. the shape of the continental margin, the location of the foot of the continental slope and the sediment thickness. Within the extended zone, a state has among other things the exclusive right of exploring and exploiting non-living-resources of the seabed and subsoil as well as sedentary species, whereas fishing rights remain limited to the EEZ.

Pakistan ratified the Convention on 26 February 1997. The Convention entered into force for Pakistan on 28 March 1997. Under the UNCLOS Pakistan has an Exclusive Economic Zone extending up to 200 nautical miles and covering an area of 240,000 sq km. Government of Pakistan entrusted the responsibility of this national Project to the National Institute of Oceanography, Pakistan under the administrative control of Ministry of Science & Technology. The Government of Pakistan also formulated an Inter-Ministerial “Technical Evaluation Committee” (with representatives from Ministry of Science & Technology, Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Ministry of Law, Justice and Human Rights) for monitoring and supervising the Pakistan Continental Shelf Programme. The Continental Shelf Extension Cell (comprising of scientists of National Institute of Oceanography and hydrographers of Pakistan Navy) was established at National Institute of Oceanography for undertaking requisite scientific data collection, compilation and preparation of submission along with foreign consultants.

The Continental shelf project activities till Submission underwent typical 3 phases: Desktop Study, Data Collection and Preparation of Submission. Scientists from National Institute of Oceanography and Hydrographers from Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department worked dedicatedly in all phases. This led to the preparation of a comprehensive and high quality Submission. Which met all the requirements of the Commission. In order to ensure that data collection and preparation of Submission is of desired standards as set forth by the Commission on the Limits of Continental Shelf, consultation from international experts was also included in all 3 phases.

In the first phase a desk top study was carried out to synthesize available data and identify the requirements of additional data. Extensive surveys for collection of variety of data were undertaken in second phase. To facilitate the construction of Outer Limits of continental shelf, Baseline Geodetic survey of the entire length 990 km long Coastline was carried out. To map the seabed topography and also to identify Base of the Slope area and to locate Foot of the Slope more than 11000 kms of high quality Multibeam Bathymetric data was collected over the Murray Ridge and Indus Fan. High Resolution Acoustic Profiling was also done during the Multibeam survey.

Since Pakistan was blessed with huge pile of Indus River derived sediments deposited over the seafloor therefore to measure sediment thicknesses and demonstrate its continuity more than 4000 kms of industry standard 2D Multi-Channel Seismic survey was undertaken. Submission of the Outer Limits of Pakistan Continental Shelf was prepared in Phase III. A Canadian firm provided technical assistance, which was supplemented by a legal review undertaken by the Marine and Environmental Law Institute, Dalhousie University, Canada.

After completing the entire requirements as per the Technical and Scientific Guidelines of the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf the submission document along with all charts, maps and digital data was delivered by NIO to Pakistan’s Permanent Mission to the United Nations in New York on 26th March 2009. Later, on the instruction of the Ministry of Science & Technology the Permanent Mission of Pakistan to the United Nation submitted Pakistan’s Case for the extension of its Continental Shelf to the United Nations on 30th April 2009.

A five member Pakistan delegation led by the Federal Secretary for Ministry of Science & Technology gave a presentation to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) on 16 August 2013 at United Nations, New York. The Chairman Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, on 26 August 2013, officially informed the Pakistan Mission at the United Nations that a seven member subcommission has been established to review Pakistan’s submission. The Subcommission undertook critical review of Pakistan Submission and detailed analysis of the data submitted by Pakistan. During this process 18 documents were exchanged between Subcommission and Pakistan delegation. In conclusion of the year long process, draft recommendations prepared by Subcommission were agreed to by Pakistan delegation and unanimously finalized by the Subcommission.

On 10 March 2015, Pakistan Delegation made a final presentation to the 21 member Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf. The presentation was greatly appreciated by the Commission. At the end of the 37th Session, the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf formally adopted the Recommendation and accepted Pakistan’s Case for the extension of its Continental Shelf from 200 nautical miles to the maximum 350 nautical miles. The total maritime area gained by Pakistan is more than 50,000 sq km.

Five Members Technical Team

MESSAGE FROM THE FEDERAL MINISTER FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MR. RANA TANVEER HUSSAIN ON ACCEPTANCE OF THE PAKISTAN CLAIM ATHE UN FOR EXTENSION OF THE LIMITS OF PAKISTAN CONTINENTAL SHELF 21st March 2015

It is indeed a pleasure for me to share with peoples of my country this extremely important, historic and Joyful moment for Pakistan as the Claim for Pakistan’s extended continental shelf stands accepted by the UN Commission today. We are thankful to the UN Commission for adoption of the Recommendations in favor of Pakistan. Today is for in fact acknowledging the efforts made by all of the stakeholders in achieving the objectives set-forth towards acceptance of Pakistan claim by the Commission. The Ministry for Science & Technology early in 2004 had undertaken the Pakistan Continental Shelf Programme with invaluable support from Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department. Actually this was an effort made by Pakistan as a follow up of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) that Pakistan had ratified earlier on 26 February 1997. The Convention is in fact a great success of collective wisdom in the history of humans. The Government of Pakistan has supported the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) for one of the most prestigious Project of Pakistan’s Continental Shelf Extension. Pakistan submitted its case for the extension on 30 April 2009, and gave formal presentation to the Commission on 16 August 2013. Consequently the Subcommission for Pakistan Submission was established on 26 August 2013. During the past five Sessions of the Commission held from 2013-15 , Pakistan technical team held 12 meetings with the Subcommission. Exhaustive interactions with Subcommission took place, which included discussions, data processing, preparation of maps & figures and finalization of reports & presentations. In conclusion after a long process, draft recommendations prepared by Subcommission were agreed to by Pakistan delegation and unanimously finalized by the Subcommission and now the Recommendations were unanimously adopted by the members of the Commission.

Extension in the continental shelf of Pakistan would Insha Allah add another 50, 000 sq km in our existing 240,000 sq km maritime area of Pakistan and thus will provide huge seabed resources. Further the data acquired during the project would provide a reliable and firm database and foundation, essential for future marine research and exploration of living and non-living marine resources. The Ministry of Science and Technology has in fact been pursuing national agenda to coordinate and promote research in Oceanography and marine sciences for protections and conservation of marine environment including exploration, exploitation and management of marine resources within maritime zones, and for all matters connected with this field. Pakistan blessed with its coastal of 1050 km along the Arabia Sea and its strategic location provide us a competitive advantage of attracting business and investment opportunities to serve as Regional Hub and potential gateway to the Central Asian Republics (CARs), China, Middle East and South Asia. The surveys conducted during the Pakistan continental shelf programme has provided enough data and information that I am sure would support directly to the petroleum and mineral sector in general and particularly to the offshore maritime industry/market. .On behalf of the Pakistan technical team I may like to acknowledge the Subcommission as well as all its members individually for their thorough analysis and scrutiny of Pakistan’s submission and the high level of interest and momentum that was maintained. The interaction of Pakistan’s team with the Subcommission was in a highly professional yet cordial atmosphere which helped in finalization of the recommendations agreed to by all the parties. It would contribute directly to the petroleum and mineral sector in general and to the offshore maritime industry/market in particular I congratulate the National Institute of Oceanography and hydrographic department of Pakistan Navy as well as all other stake holders involved in this project for their dedication. The vast potential of untapped ocean resources demands our active role and responsibility in strengthening oceanographic Research & Development in Pakistan, thus boosting the economy of this country.

MINISTER FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CHAIRS A MEETING REGARDING THE RESTRUCTURING OF MINISTRY AND ITS ORGANIZATION

A meeting to review the overall performance of Ministry of Science and Technology and it's organizations was held under the chairmanship of Rana Tanveer Hassan, Minister for Science and Technology and Defense Production. Among others the meeting was attended by Dr. Sania Nishter, .CEO Heartfile and, ex minister for science and technology, Dr. Shabir A. Khan, Sloan Scholar, Dr. Shaukat Hameed, Coordinator General COMSTECH, Dr. Junaid zaidi, Rector COMSATS Institute of Information Technology.

Mr kamran Ali Qureshi, Secretary Science and Technology in the opening remarks explained that the present government was taking serious efforts for restructuring of the organizations in order to enhance their productivity. Recently Ministry has appointed heads of ten Research and Development organizations through a transparent mechanism.

In the meeting the overall performance of National Institute of Oceanography, Karachi, Council for Works and Housing Research, Karachi, Fuel Research Centre, Karachi and Leather Research centre, Karachi were discussed in details and programme for their rightsizing was finalized.

It has been unanimously agreed that Ministry may allocate additional resources to NIO to becomes regional center of excellence. The LRC has very potential to enhance its role in promotion of quality leather export, therefore it also need to be strengthened. The performance of CWHR and FRC have been categorized as not up to the mark and any further investment would be a futile exercise. Over the period these organizations failed to develop core competence, Therefore the Ministry may consider to dissolve these organizations.

Ecological Survey around the Churna Island

The Churna Island (24 53.48N 66 36.16E) has a small coral reef and is ecologically significant and supports a rich biodiversity. The island is triangular and the dimensions are 1.5 x 1.5 x 0.8 kilometers. The protected site of the island is also a site for recreational diving and angling. Earlier studies (Kazmi & Karmi 1988) reported small patches of living coral colonies around the Churna Island, but no detailed studies are recorded. The Churna Island is one of the five site proposed as the Marine and Coastal Protected Areas on the Pakistan coast during the Regional Resources Coordination and Mobilization Workshop (2006).

Charna Island is a small island located in the Arabian Sea off the coast of Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. It is situated northwest of a fishing settlement Mubarak Village. Mubarak Village (Mubarak Goth), is located some 60 km from Karachi on Hawks Bay-Mubarak Goth Road. It is famous for the marine life around it, which includes barracuda, Narrow-barred Spanish mackerel, cobia, Dorado, Tuna, angel fish, sea urchin, sea fan, oyster, ray fish and rare green turtle.

Detailed analysis is underway to form scientific publications and future collaborative research initiatives.

The meeting of Technical Advisory Committee of NIO

The second meeting of the TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE of NIO was convened at the National Institute of Oceanography on 3rd June 2014 at 11:00 AM. The meeting was chaired by Dr. Monawwar Saleem Director General National Institute of Oceanography.

The agenda of the meeting was
i. Overview of Research Activities of NIO
ii. Future Research Programmes of NIO
iii. Any other item with the permission of Chairman

Director General Dr. Monawwar Saleem briefly describe ongoing research project of the institute and research collaboration with Second Institute of Oceanography, SIOSOA China. He also answers to all the queries of the committee members. Committee members satisfied with performance of the Institute but suggest that institute should collaborate with other countries and start further international research projects.

The following TAC members attended the meeting:
i. Mr. Iqbal Ahmed Khosa, Secretary, Fisheries Department, Government of Balochistan
ii. Cdr. Salman Ahmed, Deputy Hydrographer, Pakistan Navy
iii. Haji Wali Muhammad, General Manager, Fishermen’s Cooperative Society
iv. Mr. Muhammad Ali Taher, Representative Director General, Geological Survey of Pakistan. Government of Pakistan
v. Syed Muhammad Iftikhar Zaidi, Fishery Development Board, Chairman People Fisheries (Pvt.) Ltd.
vi. Mr. Akhtar Ali, Fishermen's Cooperative
vii. Syed Moazzam Ali, NIO

NIO Celebrating 5th World Ocean Day on 10th June, 2013

Oceans cover 70% of the Earth’s surface and are essential to humanity; providing food security, health and survival to all life, power our climate and are a critical part of the biosphere. In 2008, United Nations General Assembly decided that from 2009 onwards 8 June was designated as the “World Oceans Day”, through a UN Resolution 63/111, paragraph 171, adopted on 8 December, 2008. In order to demonstrate solidarity with the international community, this year again the National Institute of Oceanography organized a one day seminar to celebrate the role of oceans in our lives and to raise the awareness of the current challenges faced by the international community in connection with the oceans

The Dr. A.R. Tabrez, Director General, National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) delivered his welcome address introducing the significance of the day and the background under which the United Nation in December 2008 declared June 8 from 2009 onwards as the “World Oceans Day”. He further elaborated the UN theme for this year which is “OCEANS & PEOPLE”, and spoke about the importance of the oceans.

Other distinguished speakers included Mr. Javed Jabbar who kindly consented to accept the role of the Chief Guest, while delivering Key Note Address acknowledged the value of the oceans in terms of being the only planet in the Universe to have surface water. He stressed the need to pool all national forces to work towards the improving environmental conditions in general and oceans especially.

Prof. Dr. Shahana Urooj Kazmi, Dean Faculty of Science, University of Karachi gave a talk on “Ocean Biotechnology”. She highlighted different sea species who Pakistan could utilize more effectively to ensure food security in the years to come. Mr. Moin Raza Khan, Deputy Managing Director, Pakistan Petroleum Limited presented a talk titled “Current Challenges Faced by Oil & Gas Exploration Companies in Off-Shore Areas”. He stressed that the offshore areas of Pakistan deserve more efforts in terms of drilling and hoped that the potential available in the offshore area of Pakistan could yield success if tried for unconventional targets.

Mr. Mahmood Akhtar Cheema, Country Representative, IUCN delivered a talk entitled “Role of Mangroves in Regulating Climate Change” he highlighted the contribution made by IUCN in the development and preservation of mangrove forests as the density of mangrove forests in Pakistan is very less as compare to other regional countries. Mr. Paul Fanning, FAO’s Chief Technical Advisor to Fishery Resource Appraisal Project, Marine Fisheries Department, Government of Pakistan, spoke on “Challenges to Fisheries” and how fisheries and aquaculture meets the challenges of food security. He briefed the audience about the preliminary findings from the recent Pakistan’s fishery stock assessment; practices and pressures that the industry currently experiences. He emphasized the importance of management and sustainable practices to ensure a healthy fishery sector.

The one day seminar to celebrate the World Oceans Day 2013, which is the fifth year running, organized by the National Institute of Oceanography was well attended by over 100 representatives from more than 20 organizations belonging to the federal and provincial governments; Pakistan Navy, autonomous, semi-autonomous bodies, academia (various universities and colleges), non-governmental environmental organizations, private enterprises and the media.

In the end, the workshop coordinator Dr. Asif Inam from NIO delivered the vote of thanks, appreciating the participation of the various organizations and individuals, and finally stage secretary Dr. Hina Baig concluded the program, hoping that the august g athering convenes again next year 2014, to celebrate the 6th - World Oceans Day.

Visit of Senate Standing Committee for Science and Technology

Senate standing Committee for Science and Technology visited National Institute of Oceanography on 26th May 2014. Prof. Sajid Mir is the Committee Chairperson, other members of the committee are senator Almas Parveen, senator Farah Aqil, senator Mufti Abdul Sattar, senator Naseema Ehsan, senator Karim Ahmed Khawaja, senator Hidayat Ullah and Secretary Committee Zarghona Shabbir. Committee visited all the Research Labs of the Institute and appreciate the ongoing research of the institute under Director General Dr. Monawwar Saleem.

Director General Dr. Monawwar Saleem briefly describe ongoing research project of the institute and research collaboration with Second Institute of Oceanography, SIOSOA China. He also answers to all the queries of the committee members. Committee members satisfied with performance of the Institute but suggest that institute should collaborate with other countries and start further international research projects.

Bilateral Workshop under the Executive Agreement of Joint Research between NIO Pakistan and East China Normal University on Estuarine and Coastal Studies,SKLEC, ECNU, June 24-30, 2013, Shanghai, China

A bilateral Workshop at State Key Laboratory of Estuarine Coastal Research (SKLEC) ECNU Shanghai China was held during 24-30 June 2013. Eight NIO scientists participated and presented their research papers. They also discussed future research programmes/projects with NIO

Identification of Shark species occurring in Pakistan held at NIO Pakistan

It was observed that shark landings have been seriously dropped in Pakistan and many species which used to be common in Pakistan are not seen anymore. In order to fully understand the shark distribution and abundance as well as their role in marine ecosystem in Pakistan, National Institute of Oceanography hosted two day workshop on "Identification of Shark species occurring in Pakistan", organized by WWF-Pakistan and Pakistan Wetland Programme, between 25th & 26th April, 2012 at Karachi. The resource person for this workshop was Ms. Dareen Almojil, the Persian Gulf Area Representative of Shark Conservation Society.

Executive Programme of co-operation between the Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, China and the National Institute of Oceanography, Pakistan

A Programme of Cooperation in the field of Marine Sciences & Technology was signed between China’s Second Institute of Oceanography (SIO) administratively attached with State Oceanic Administration (SOA) of China and the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Pakistan. In this regard, a high-level Chinese Scientists delegation of the SIO visited the NIO on 8th March, 2012. The delegation also visited the Ministry of Science & Technology (MoST) and held a wrap-up meeting with Mr. Akhlaq Ahmed Tarar, the Secretary MoST here in Islamabad on 9th March, 2012. The Federal Secretary of Science & Technology, and the Deputy Ambassador of China to Pakistan Mr. Zhan Shilin, witnessed the signing ceremony of the agreement. Dr. A. R. Tabrez, the Director General of NIO and Dr. Zhang Haishang, the Director General of SIO signed the Programme of Cooperation.

Through this agreement, the two sides will be establishing close cooperation for addressing the issues related to socio-economic development of the coastal areas of Pakistan. NIO would explore the possibility of getting technological assistance in numbers of NIO’s projects from SIO.